The growth of the Korean economy is slowing of late, apparently weakening the tax base to a considerable degree. Now concerns are being raised over the tax expenditure system that has been managed rather loosely so far, increasingly highlighting the need to streamline its overall conditions. In the recognition of the need, this study evaluated overall conditions as to tax expenditures, including the review of current tax expenditure structure and relevant fiscal disciplines. It also pored over the basic direction of the work to streamline the system and specific alternatives that are being now under consideration for funding the government’s new national agendas, focusing on the tax expenditure relating to corporate and earned-income taxes.

To efficiently manage tax expenditures, the criteria to define the coverage of tax expenditures must be firmly established first. It is necessary to build and manage clear criteria as to the coverage so that the information on tax expenditures is continuous and consistent, while at the same time minimizing the adjustment of items that have nothing to do with newly added or suspended taxes (including the end of ‘sunset’). Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen fiscal disciplines related to tax expenditures. It can be interpreted to allow room for natural rise in tax expenditure, which is seen as too generous. Third, a system to evaluate tax expenditures need to be reinforced. Currently, the Restriction of Special Taxation Act understands the ex-post management of special cases of taxation as a type of authority, not a duty, but this should be redressed towards more responsibility in ex-post management by making performance evaluation a mandatory protocol in order to build a strict evaluation and reflux system on tax expenditures.

In the case of tax expenditure relating to corporate tax, it is mostly large enterprises that have been benefited from tax exemption or reduction, such as R&D tax credit and job creation and investment tax credits, but this must be remedied by strengthening the standards applied to large enterprises step by step. Meanwhile, applying the standards to SMEs must be made in a differentiated manner based on a composite consideration of financial conditions of the concerned company. Until now, when a company meets the requirements as a SME, various supporting policies turn into a strategy to increase operating profits and reduce taxes, posing an obstacle that restrains the company from growing larger.

In the case of tax expenditure relating to income tax, the scope of earned deduction of necessary expenses needs to be expanded, instead of moving towards tax credits that raise tax exemption limit and cause tax resistance. This is because given that taxation equity between workers and business income taxpayers is improving gradually, moving towards the reduction in the earned deduction of necessary expenses is the desired direction for a policy to pursue. Meanwhile, it is necessary to classify insurances for health, long-term care and employment as quasi-tax as suggested in the revised tax bill in 2013 and then to deduct the entire payment to them as to the National Pension. Lastly, as for items of tax expenditures, the tax expenditure for standard deduction which substitutes special deduction items needs to be managed as an explicit tax expenditure item. In addition, considering that tax deduction on the payment to the National Pension is added to items for tax expenditure, it would be appropriate to additionally include other tax deductions related to social insurances, such as health, long-term care and employment.

제1장 서 론

제2장 조세지출 현황 및 정책방향
　제1절 문제의 제기
　제2절 조세지출의 개요
　　1. 조세지출의 정의 및 의의
　　2. 조세지출의 범위
　　3. 조세지출의 유형
　　4. 조세지출예산서
　　5. 조세지출 관련 재정규율
　제3절 조세지출 현황 및 문제점
　　1. 조세지출 항목 수
　　2. 조세지출 전체 규모
　　3. 주요 조세지출
　　4. 조세지출 관리
　제4절 조세지출의 효율적 관리를 위한 정책방향
　　1. 조세지출 범위에 대한 기준 정립
　　2. 조세지출 관련 재정규율 강화
　　3. 조세지출 평가체계 구축
　　4. 조세지출 관련 정보공개 확대

제3장 법인세 관련 조세지출 항목 분석
　제1절 문제의 제기
　제2절 법인세 관련 주요 조세지출
　　1. 중소기업 지원
　　2. 연구개발
　　3. 투자 촉진
　　4. 지역균형발전 관련 조세지출
　제3절 법인세 관련 조세지출 정비 평가 및 개선방향
　　1. 법인세 관련 조세지출 정비 평가
　　2. 법인세 관련 조세지출제도 개선방향
　제4절 소결 및 정책제언

제4장 소득세 관련 조세지출 항목 분석
　제1절 문제제기
　제2절 소득세 관련 조세지출 현황
　제3절 2013년 세법개정안 분석
　　1. 소득공제의 세액공제로의 전환방안
　　2. 제도 변화가 면세점에 미치는 영향
　　3. 제도 변화가 세부담에 미치는 영향
　제4절 소결 및 정책제언

제5장 결 론

참고문헌
부 록
ABSTRACT