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Research Monograph Economic Dynamism of Korea: With a Focus on the Comparison with Japan December 31, 2014

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Series No. 2014-03

Research Monograph KOR Economic Dynamism of Korea: With a Focus on the Comparison with Japan #Macroeconomics Operation and Growth Strategy
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.22740/kdi.rm.2014.03 P-ISBN978-89-8063-917-5

December 31, 2014

  • KDI
    Dongchul Cho
  • 프로필
    Kyooho Kwon
  • 프로필
    Jaejoon Lee
  • 프로필
    Daehee Jeong
  • KDI
    Kim Seong Tae
  • KDI
    Daeil Kim
  • 프로필
    Kyu-Chul Jung
  • KDI
    OH,Jiyoon
  • KDI
  • 프로필
    Inho Song
Summary
Will Korea follow Japan that has been stagnating for the past 20 years? This question is frequently asked by ordinary people as well as economists as dynamism of the Korean economy is weakened. Yet, the answer does not seem to be simple.

This book analyzes similarities and differences between the Korean economy of today and that of Japan in the 1990s. Results of respective chapters are not complete enough to draw definite conclusions, and a single recap of the entire study would cause excessive leaps in logic. Nevertheless, it is hard to deny the observation that the recent Korean economy exhibits similarities in many respects to those seen in Japan in the early 1990s.

First of all, age structures of Korea lag Japan by about 20 years. As seen in Japan, population aging will affect every corner of the Korean society. Investment demand is getting lowered and current account surplus is being expanded as a result. Export industries of Korea are being chased by Chinese firms just as Korea has caught up with Japan for the past 20 years. Although real estate market of Korea does not seem to have excessive bubbles, unlike in Japan in the early 1990s, aging population will become a critical factor that will weaken housing prices in Korea. Overall inflation rates are also being lowered to around 1% per annum, generating concern on deflation. Potential growth rates are also being lowered, and projected to be lowered to 1~2% by the 2030s even under the assumption that productivity growth is reasonably well maintained.

However, markets of Korea do not appear to function distinctively better than those of Japan. As in Japan, financial market in Korea fails to effectively thin out Zombies (i.e., firms that would not be able to survive without financial supports of either government or financial institutions) that are hampering investment and employment of sound firms. Labor market of Korea does not efficiently allocate resources due to excessive protections for regular workers, which toss away the whole burden of adjustments to irregular workers. Product market of Korea is also distorted by various entry barriers and excessive protections for small and/or self-employed firms.

Faced with these difficulties, the book recommends bold structural reforms coupled with accommodative monetary policy to keep the Korean economy from deflation risks. First, financial supervision needs to be strengthened to oblige zombie firms to make active restructuring efforts. At the same time, the extensive financial supports for small- and medium-sized firms by government, which are mostly motivated by political reasons, should be reduced. For labor market flexibility, excessive protections for regular workers need to be eased because otherwise the dual labor market structure would be permanently fixed. In addition, various entry barriers in product markets should be either lifted or relaxed.

As for macroeconomic policies, the book stresses potential risks of optimistic forecasting that would hinder formulating the right macroeconomic policy mix. In particular, the experience of Japan in the 1990s that optimism delayed monetary policy responses until the economy finally plunged into deflation should not be repeated. As for fiscal policy, too, the experience of Japan that optimistic forecasting of tax revenues ended up with unsustainable budget deficits should be borne in mind of Korea's key policy-makers.
Contents
발간사
요 약

제1장 20년 전의 일본, 오늘의 한국: 인구구조 고령화와 경제역동성저하 (권규호⋅조동철)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 인구구조의 고령화
 제3절 성장률의 추세적 하락
 제4절 성장회계 방식에 의한 잠재성장률 전망
 제5절 인플레이션 및 명목성장률의 둔화
 제6절 소 결
 참고문헌
 부 록

제2장 저축률과 투자율, 경상수지: 인구구조의 변화를 중심으로(권규호)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 일본의 경험에 대한 문헌연구
 제3절 인구구조의 변화가 저축률, 투자율, 경상수지에 미치는 영향(이론적 설명)
 제4절 국가 간 패널자료 분석
 제5절 우리나라의 연령대별 인구비중의 변화가 저축, 투자, 경상수지에미치는 영향 분석
 제6절 요약 및 시사점
 참고문헌
 부 록

제3장 한국, 일본 및 중국의 수출시장 경쟁구도: 동태적 비교우위 분석을 중심으로 (정규철)
 제1절 들어가며
 제2절 선행연구
 제3절 분석의 틀
 제4절 일본의 경험
 제5절 우리나라의 수출경쟁력과 중국의 추격
 제6절 요약 및 정책적 시사점
 참고문헌

제4장 주택시장의 추세적 요인 분석: 일본과의 비교를 중심으로 (송인호)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 데이터를 통해 살펴본 한국과 일본의 비교
 제3절 관련 문헌 조사
 제4절 주택가격 추세 분석
 제5절 인구변수의 장기추계를 적용한 장래 주택가격 추이
 제6절 결론 및 시사점
 참고문헌
 부 록

제5장 부실기업 퇴출 지연의 부정적 파급효과 (정대희)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 관련 문헌
 제3절 금융지원과 좀비기업의 정의 및 현황
 제4절 좀비기업 증가의 부정적 파급효과에 대한 분석
 제5절 결론 및 시사점
 참고문헌
 부 록

제6장 노동시장의 인적자원 배분기능 효율성 분석 (권혁욱⋅김대일)175
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 노동시장의 인적자원 배분기능
 제3절 생산성의 고용 및 임금에 대한 효과
 제4절 일본과의 비교
 제5절 인적자원 배분기능 위축의 원인 분석
 제6절 요약 및 시사점
 참고문헌

제7장 생산자원 배분의 효율성과 생산성: 한국과 일본의 제조업 비(오지윤)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 기본모형
 제3절 실증 결과
 제4절 왜곡의 원인
 제5절 결론 및 정책적 시사점
 참고문헌
 부 록 1
 부 록 2

제8장 일본의 90년대 통화정책과 시사점 (이재준)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 일본의 90년대 거시경제와 통화정책
 제3절 우리 경제의 상황 및 시사점
 제4절 결 론
 참고문헌
 부 록

제9장 일본의 1990년대 이후 재정정책과 시사점 (김성태)
 제1절 서 론
 제2절 일본의 재정여건 변화
 제3절 재정건전성 악화의 원인
 제4절 일본의 재정개혁 사례
 제5절 한국과 일본의 재정정책 비교
 제6절 결 론
 참고문헌
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